Table 3.
Pathway analysis of smoking-associated CpGs detected in lung tissue
| Description | Genes in gene set | Genes with smoking-associated CpGsa | Enrichment P | FDR-adjusted p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hallmark gene sets | ||||
| TNF-alpha signaling via NFKb | 199 | 56 | 8.40E-06 | 4.20E-04 |
| Apoptosis | 155 | 46 | 1.69E-04 | 4.22E-03 |
| P53 pathway | 196 | 53 | 3.35E-04 | 5.59E-03 |
| Xenobiotic metabolism | 197 | 49 | 9.01E-04 | 1.13E-02 |
| Early response to estrogen | 194 | 60 | 2.06E-03 | 1.69E-02 |
| IL6-JAK-STAT3 signaling | 81 | 23 | 2.21E-03 | 1.69E-02 |
| UV response (down regulated) | 142 | 52 | 2.36E-03 | 1.69E-02 |
| TGF-beta signaling | 53 | 21 | 3.59E-03 | 2.25E-02 |
| Hypoxia | 190 | 51 | 4.52E-03 | 2.51E-02 |
| Cholesterol homeostasis | 71 | 21 | 6.29E-03 | 3.14E-02 |
| Myogenesis | 195 | 55 | 7.08E-03 | 3.22E-02 |
| IL2-STAT5 signaling | 194 | 51 | 9.42E-03 | 3.93E-02 |
| Adipogenesis | 196 | 45 | 1.05E-02 | 4.02E-02 |
| Androgen response | 97 | 30 | 1.23E-02 | 4.17E-02 |
| Bile acid metabolism | 110 | 26 | 1.27E-02 | 4.17E-02 |
| MTORC1 signaling | 194 | 44 | 1.33E-02 | 4.17E-02 |
| KEGG Pathways | ||||
| Parathyroid hormone synthesis, secretion, and action | 105 | 42 | 9.85E-05 | 3.50E-02 |
| Lipid and atherosclerosis | 205 | 56 | 2.11E-04 | 3.75E-02 |
a
Genes with CpGs (as assigned by Illumina) that are associated with smoking.