Fig. 9.

Effect of PvGATA28 overexpression in N. benthamiana on physiological aspects of plant’s response to abiotic stress. (a) PvGATA28 overexpression significantly influenced seed germination, as observed by daily monitoring of surface-sterilized seeds on half MS media over ten days. (b) The graph depicts the germination percentage over days in transgenic lines compared to the wild type. (c) Under invitro conditions, transgenic lines exhibited enhanced tolerance to NaCl, and mannitol stress compared to wild-type photographs captured four weeks post-sowing. (d) Abiotic stress effects on MDA and proline content were assessed, revealing altered stress responses in transgenic and wild-type lines. (e) Expression profiling of PvGATA28 and NbGAI was performed under NaCl and mannitol stress in transgenic and wild-type lines. ** indicates a significant difference at P ≤ 0.001; error bars represent variation among three replicates