Fig. 3. CD8+T-cell activation in HEU children with and without early CMV acquisition.

Bars at mean with 95% confidence intervals. Compared using fractional regression. P-values adjusted for infant sex, exact age at the time of blood and saliva collection and randomised trial arm. All statistical tests are two-sided, and presented P-values have not been adjusted for multiple comparisons. A comparison of CD8⁺ T-cell activation between HEU children with vs. without early CMV acquisition; B comparison of CD8⁺ T-cell proliferation between HEU children with vs. without early CMV acquisition; C, D comparison of CD8⁺ T-cell senescence between HEU children with vs. without early CMV acquisition; E comparison of CD8⁺ T-cell exhaustion between HEU children with vs. without early CMV acquisition; F–I comparison of CD8⁺ T-cell differentiation between HEU children with vs. without early CMV acquisition. Activated: CD38⁺/HLA-DR⁺; proliferating: Ki67⁺. Non-senescent: CD28⁺/CD57⁻; senescent: CD28⁻/CD57⁺; exhausted: PD-1⁺. Bars at mean with 95% confidence intervals. HEU: HIV-exposed uninfected. Blue: HEU children with early acquisition of CMV; red: HEU children without early acquisition of CMV. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.