Table 4.
Differences in T-cell and monocyte phenotypes in HIV-exposed uninfected children at 1 month of age with and without third-trimester CMV exposure and early-life CMV acquisition
| Third-trimester CMV exposure | Early CMV acquisition | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean percentage (95% CI) | Mean percentage (95% CI) | ||||||||
| Detectable CMV viraemia (N = 20) | Undetectable CMV viraemia (N = 65) | Adjusteda coefficient (95% CI) | P | Early CMV acquisition (N = 53) | CMV negative 3 months (N = 18) | Adjusteda coefficient (95% CI) | P | ||
| Naive CD8+ | 73.91 (60.85, 86.96) | 86.35 (81.22, 91.47) | −0.60 (−1.07, −0.14) | 0.011 | 79.41 (72.32, 86.51) | 96.79 (94.65, 98.92) | −0.97 (−1.34, −0.60) | <0.001 | |
| Central memory CD8+ | 12.93 (6.69, 19.17) | 8.81 (5.27, 12.36) | 0.27 (−0.08, 0.61) | 0.135 | 11.48 (7.12, 15.84) | 2.97 (0.96, 4.99) | 0.62 (0.32, 0.92) | <0.001 | |
| Effector memory CD8+ | 5.16 (1.37, 8.96) | 1.64 (0.43, 2.86) | 0.62 (0.16, 1.07) | 0.008 | 3.31 (1.51, 5.11) | 0.05 (0.00, 0.11) | 1.49 (0.80, 2.17) | <0.001 | |
| TEMRA CD8+ | 8.01 (2.16, 13.86) | 3.19 (1.30, 5.08) | 0.67 (0.21, 1.12) | 0.004 | 5.80 (2.84, 8.77) | 0.18 (0.05, 0.31) | 1.27 (0.95, 1.59) | <0.001 | |
| CD28+ CD57- CD8+ | 74.46 (63.33, 85.58) | 86.66 (82.31, 91.01) | −0.57 (−0.96, −0.18) | 0.004 | 77.50 (71.38, 83.61) | 96.77 (95.18, 98.36) | −1.01 (−1.33, −0.69) | <0.001 | |
| CD28- CD57+ CD8+ | 14.13 (6.34, 21.92) | 4.06 (1.85, 6.27) | 0.85 (0.44, 1.27) | <0.001 | 9.43 (5.40, 13.46) | 0.33 (0.13, 0.54) | 1.31 (0.99, 1.62) | <0.001 | |
| PD-1+ CD8+ T-cells | 11.15 (4.30, 18.00) | 4.65 (2.38, 6.91) | 0.68 (0.29, 1.08) | 0.001 | 8.09 (3.35, 11.73) | 1.27 (0.82, 1.73) | 0.74 (0.47, 1.02) | <0.001 | |
| CD38+ HLA-DR+ CD8+ | 14.92 (8.24, 21.60) | 11.05 (6.90, 15.21) | 0.32 (−0.05, 0.68) | 0.089 | 16.68 (11.34, 22.03) | 2.27 (1.23, 3.31) | 0.92 (0.62, 1.22) | <0.001 | |
| Ki67+ CD8+ | 16.79 (8.04, 25.55) | 14.95 (9.61, 20.29) | 0.10 (−0.32, 0.53) | 0.631 | 18.84 (12.54, 25.13) | 6.08 (3.14, 9.02) | 0.69 (0.29, 1.08) | 0.001 | |
| Classical monocytes | 59.19 (52.45, 65.93) | 56.28 (52.56, 60.01) | 0.05 (−0.13, 0.22) | 0.612 | 57.56 (53.70, 61.43) | 59.86 (53.78, 65.93) | 0.02 (−0.20, 0.23) | 0.890 | |
| Intermediate monocytes | 15.84 (10.34, 21.34) | 11.37 (9.58, 13.16) | 0.28 (0.05, 0.51) | 0.017 | 10.87 (9.01, 12.73) | 17.95 (12.42, 23.48) | −0.26 (−0.63, 0.10) | 0.159 | |
| Non-classical monocytes | 24.97 (19.84, 30.11) | 32.34 (27.91, 36.78) | −0.23 (−0.42, −0.03) | 0.023 | 31.57 (27.06, 36.07) | 22.19 (16.28, 28.11) | 0.12 (−0.17, 0.41) | 0.429 | |
Compared using fractional regression. All statistical tests are two-sided, and presented P-values have not been adjusted for multiple comparisons.
aAdjusted for maternal HIV viral load/CD4 count, gestational age at the time of maternal blood sampling, exact infant age in days at the time of infant blood sampling, infant sex, randomised trial arm.