Table 5.

Associations between HIV exposure, CMV exposure in the third trimester and infant immune activation at 1 month of age

	Coefficient for HEU vs. HIV-unexposed children, adjusted for 32-week CMV statusa	P	Coefficient for CMV-exposed vs. CMV-unexposed children, adjusted for HIV statusa	P
Naïve CD8+ T-cells	−0.30 (−0.57, −0.04)	0.025	−0.40 (−0.73, −0.07)	0.017
Central memory CD8+ T-cells	0.22 (−0.02, 0.47)	0.067	0.21 (−0.08, 0.49)	0.153
Effector memory CD8+ T-cells	0.34 (0.05, 0.64)	0.021	0.47 (0.12, 0.82)	0.008
TEMRA CD8+ T-cells	0.23 (−0.07, 0.53)	0.132	0.42 (0.10, 0.74)	0.011
CD28+ CD57− CD8+ T-cells	−0.31 (−0.54, −0.07)	0.011	−0.35 (−0.64, −0.06)	0.018
CD28− CD57+ CD8+ T-cells	0.30 (0.03, 0.57)	0.032	0.46 (0.15, 0.77)	0.003
PD-1+ CD8+ T-cells	0.19 (−0.07, 0.44)	0.154	0.35 (0.06, 0.64)	0.019
CD38+ HLA-DR+ CD8+ T-cells	0.36 (0.10, 0.61)	0.007	0.21 (−0.07, 0.50)	0.146
Ki67+ CD8+ T-cells	0.27 (0.02, 0.53)	0.036	0.21 (−0.11, 0.53)	0.199
Classical monocytes	−0.12 (−0.25, 0.00)	0.048	0.04 (−0.12, 0.21)	0.629
Intermediate monocytes	0.03 (−0.09, 0.15)	0.654	0.12 (−0.05, 0.29)	0.156
Non-classical monocytes	0.13 (−0.03, 0.28)	0.111	−0.12 (−0.33, 0.09)	0.248

Compared using fractional regression. All statistical tests are two-sided, and presented P-values have not been adjusted for multiple comparisons.

^aAlso adjusted for time of maternal and infant blood sampling, infant sex, and randomised trial arm. CMV cytomegalovirus.