Figure 4.

Protective effect of TLF-II on UTI-induced bladder injury. (A) Images of mouse bladders from each group (Scale bar = 3 mm, n=8). (B–D) Graphs showing body weight (B), bladder weight (C), and bladder organ index (D) (calculated as mouse bladder weight (mg)/body weight (g) × 100%, n=10). (E) HE staining of bladder tissue sections in each group (magnifications: ×50 and ×100, Scale bar = 75 μm, n = 4). (F) Quantification of bacterial load in urines (log10 fold CFU/mL) from mice in each group, n = 10. (G) Bacterial load in mouse bladders (log10 fold CFU/mL), n = 6. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Significance is indicated as follows: #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 vs. NC group; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. UTI group.