Figure 1. Factors Associated With Failure of Guideline-Recommended Hypnotic Monotherapy in Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Analysis.

Large hazard ratios (HRs) indicate more monotherapy failures, whereas small HRs indicate fewer monotherapy failures. BEDCA indicates behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence; UMD, unspecified mental disorder.

^aAdjusted for age group (20-39, 40-64, or ≥65 years), sex, administration instructions of the first prescribed hypnotic (regular prescription, prescription as needed, or both), concomitant anxiolytics, concomitant antidepressants, concomitant antipsychotics, comorbid psychiatric disorders, and comorbid physical disorders in the month of the first prescription.