Table 1:
Studies comparing CVD outcomes in women and men in non-dialysis CKD populations.
| Author, Ref number | Year, type of study, country | Number of patients | Follow-up (years) | CVD outcome definition | CVD outcomes women vs men | All-cause mortality women vs men |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Toth-Manikowski S [33] | 2021, prospective, longitudinal cohort study (CRIC)-USA | 3939 | 9.6 | 1) composite outcome (MI, stroke, or peripheral artery disease); 2) incident HF; 3) cardiovascular death |
Composite outcome IR (/1000person-years) 19 vs 27; HR 0.73 (95% CI: 0.60–0.89) HF IR (/1000person-years) 24 vs 27; HR 0.79 (95% CI:0.65–0.95) Cardiovascular death IR (/1000person-years) 10 vs 15; HR 0.60 (95% CI: 0.46–0.77) |
IR (/1000 person-years) 29 vs 39; HR 0.58 95%CI: 0.49–0.69) |
| Swartling O [34] | 2021, observational cohort study, Sweden | 35 000 | 10 | cardiovascular mortality |
HR 0.83 [95% CI, 0.76–0.90] | IR (/1000 person-years) 92 vs 106; adjusted HR 0.90 (95% CI 0.85–0.94) |
| Shiraishi YA [36] | 2023, cohort study, Japan | 5163 | 10 | stroke, MI, and SD |
Stroke CI (/100 000 person-years) 239 vs 515; HR 0.87 (0.48–1.51) vs 1.01 (0.56–1.86) MI CI (/100 000 person-years) 28 vs 252; HR 2.09 (0.29-15 vs 3.55 (1.25–10.06) SD CI (/100 000 person-years) 43 vs 62.5; HR 2.15 (0.41–11.3 vs 0.85 (0.17–4.25) |
NA |
| Borrelli S [37] | 2023, pooled analysis of 4 cohorts, Italy | NA | 4 | composite CV end point (cardiovascular death and non-fatal MI, congestive HF, stroke, revascularization, peripheral vascular disease, non-traumatic amputation) | HR 0.73 (95% CI 0.60–0.89) | NA |
| Provenzano PF [38] | 2023, cohort, south of Italy | 759 | 3 | fatal and non-fatal CV events (MI, HF, arrhythmia; stroke; peripheral vascular disease; major arterial or venous thrombotic episodes) | HR (male vs female) 1.78, (95% CI 1.03–3.09) | HR (male vs female) 0.65, (95% CI 0.34–1.25) |
| Astley ME [39] | 2023, prospective, cohort study, Europe (EQUAL study) | 1736 | 3.8 | 1) MACE (comorbidity or hospitalization due to cerebrovascular disease, MI, peripheral vascular disease, congestive HF, arrythmias, CHD, angina pectoris); 2) death due to MI, HF, cardiac arrest, cerebrovascular accident | First MACE IR (/1000 person-years) 23 vs 27; unadjusted HR 0.82 (0.69–0.97, P = 0.02) Fatal MACE IR (/1000 person-years) 3 vs 4; unadjusted 0.84 (0.61–1.16, P = 0.30) |
NA |
CHD, coronary heart disease; MI, myocardial infarction; SD, sudden death; HF, heart failure; IR, incidence rate; CI, crude incidence; HR, hazard ratio; MACE, major acute CV events; NA, not available.