Table 3.
Representative small-molecule chemical drug-based nanotherapeutics in 2021-2023.
| Platform | NP sizes (nm) | Zeta Potential (mV) | Drug | Route | Animal models | Mechanism | Year | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polymeric NPs | TEM: 91.4 | -17.4 | Cinnamaldehyde | I.V. | CIA mouse model and Colitis mouse model | Scavenge ROS; Suppress NF-κB signal pathway |
2023 | 199 |
| TEM: 171.7 | -22.3 | Magnolol | Oral | DSS-induced colitis mouse model | Scavenge ROS; Suppress NF-κB and signal pathway; Modulate gut health |
2023 | 72 | |
| DLS: 117.0 | -18.6 | Ginsenoside Rh2 | Oral | DSS-induced colitis mouse model | Scavenge ROS; Suppress STAT3/miR-214 signal pathway |
2022 | 73 | |
| Micelles | DLS: 190 | -50.0 | Rapamycin | I.V. | Atherosclerotic mouse mode | Scavenge ROS; Suppress pro-inflammatory factors |
2023 | 199 |
| DLS: 88.1 | -21.3 | Curcumin | Oral | DSS-induced colitis mouse model | Suppress pro-inflammatory factors | 2021 | 201 | |
| Nanogels | DLS: 124.2 | -19.2 | Phenytoin | I.V. | Status epilepsy rat model | Scavenge ROS | 2023 | 202 |
| / | / | Losmapimod | Topical | Diabetic wound mouse model | Scavenge ROS; Enhance M2-type macrophage polarization; Suppress pro-inflammatory factors |
2022 | 203 | |
| / | / | Psoralen | Intra-articular injection | CIA mouse model | Improve bone homeostasis; Regulate metabolism; Suppress pro-inflammatory factors |
2023 | 204 | |
| Liposomes | DLS: 85.6 | -6.0 | Celastrol | I.V. | Imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model | Inhibit maturation of DCs; Suppress pro-inflammatory factors |
2022 | 205 |
| Biomimetic NPs | DLS: 175.0 | -20.0 | Dexamethasone | I.V. | Endotoxin-induced lung inflammation murine model |
Suppress pro-inflammatory factors | 2021 | 206 |
| TEM: ~100 | / | Indomethacin | Topical | CIA murine model | Suppress pro-inflammatory factors; Inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 |
2023 | 207 |