Figure 1.

Overview of the main components of Autoturbo-DNA: A given binary input u is encoded using the encoder network $E(·)$ and subsequently mapped to a DNA sequence by the mapping function λ

The output of the mapping function $x^{DNA}$ is then modified by the channel simulator $C(·)$ and optional evaluated for constraint adherence by the function $f(·)$. The output score $w^{DNA}$ of the evaluation function can be used as an additional loss metric for the encoder. The inverse of the mapping function translates the DNA sequence back into a binary representation y. Depending on the training stage and chosen configuration, the channel output $y^{DNA}$ is either directly decoded by the decoder function $D(·)$ or first transcoded using the indel reduction component $Q(·)$, and the resulting sequence $\hat{y}$ is decoded by the decoder function, producing the binary output sequence $\hat{u}$.