Table 2.

Subcutaneous sodium valproate efficacy and tolerability.

Study	Efficacy of subcutaneous valproate	Tolerability of subcutaneous valproate
	(a) Indication (b) Quantitative/Qualitative Results	(a) Nature of adverse events / side effects (b) Frequency of events
Cran et al. 2018	(a) Seizure control (b) Results are not specifically presented for valproate subset. - Seizures were controlled in 69% of patients with initial doses prescribed. - 46% died within a week of parenteral anticonvulsant prescription. - 92% died but did not state how long after treatment	(a–b) N/A
O’Connor et al. 2017	(a) Seizure control (b) Overall, 100% of patients had resolution of seizures eventually. - 5 out of 7 (71.4%) patients were seizure free initially. - In the remaining 2 patients, seizure activity resolved with an increased dosage	(a) No adverse events or local reaction in all 7 patients (b) N/A
Davis et al. 2018	(a) Neuropathic pain management (b) 5/6 (83.3%) patients experienced clinically significant improved pain control within 48 h. - 2/2 (100%) patients’ allodynia resolved (1 of whom had severe residual nociceptive pain due to rapidly progressive disease). - 2/6 (33.3%) patients required an increase in opioid dose	(a) No complications attributable to this treatment (b) N/A
Kondasinghe et al. 2022	(a) Seizure control (83%) and pain management (17%) (b) Effectively controlled seizures in 83% of patients.	(a) Variable - Skin erythema at infusion site (b) 1/6 patient
Pouchoulin et al. 2014	(a-b) Not specified	(a) Reported adverse reactions included pain and induration. Abscesses and necrosis only with discontinuous administration a (b) More local adverse effects with discontinuous administration (65 instances) as opposed to continuous administration (16 instances), no instances of abscess or necrosis with continuous infusions. a

^aNote that the tolerability is not specifically reported for subcutaneous valproate in this study.