Fig. 1.
Administration routes-dependency of combined Vem and aCTLA-4 therapy on D4M models. (A) Scheme for administration routes and treatment schedule. 5 × 105 D4M cells in 30 μL saline were subcutaneously inoculated in C57Bl/6 on day 0. Vem (10 mg kg− 1, 100 μL) was treated i.p. every day from day 7 to day 16. aCTLA-4 (150 μg mouse− 1, 30 μL) was administered i.p., i.t., i.l. or c.l. 3 times every 3 days from day 8. (B) Average and individual tumor volumes (n = 5). (C) Weight changes after treatment (n = 5). (D) Kaplan–Meier survival curves (n = 5). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Two-way ANOVA using Tukey post-hoc statistical hypothesis was employed for (B) and (C). Log-rank using Mentel-Cox statistical hypothesis was used for survival (D). ****p < 0.0001, ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, and *p < 0.05. N.S. means “Non Significant”. Statistical values for (D) are listed in Table S1.