Figure 1:

Scheme of stratification of antipsychotic-treated patients with schizophrenia based on previously defined neuroanatomic subtypes. (A) Three neuroanatomic subtypes were previously identified in never-treated patients with schizophrenia. In the present work, each patient from the antipsychotic-treated sample was classified into three subgroups based on their brain structural similarity to the three subtypes. (B) Brain structural similarity, measured by Pearson's correlation coefficient, was calculated for patient assignment in the antipsychotic-treated sample. First, we extracted standardized neuroanatomic features in never-treated patients after regressing out corresponding covariates and z-scoring and performed a PCA on them. PCs and loadings from the never-treated sample were applied to standardized neuroanatomic features of treated patients, producing predicted PCs for each participant. Second, we averaged PCs of never-treated patients per subtype, and three subtypes of PCs were generated. Third, we linked averaged PCs in each subtype by descending order of their contributions, which was also done for the PCs of each patient from the treated sample. Thus, three subtype vectors from the never-treated sample, and a group of individual vectors from the treated sample, were generated for subsequent similarity calculations. Fourth, we calculated subtype-individual similarity, measured by Pearson's correlation coefficients, between three subtype vectors and each individual vector. Every treated patient was assigned into one of the three subtypes according to the corresponding largest similarity, and three subgroups of treated patients were finally formed. S1–S3, Subtypes 1–3 of never-treated patients with schizophrenia.