TABLE 2.

Virulence factors that contribute to the intracellular lifecycle of S. flexneri

Effector	Secretion system	Cellular target	Biochemical activity	Biological function	References
IpgD	T3SS	PI(4,5)P2	4-Phosphatase	Vacuole rupture	79–82
IpaB	T3SS	Membrane lipids	Pore-forming	Vacuole rupture	83–85, 87–89
IpaC	T3SS	Membrane lipids	Pore-forming	Vacuole rupture	84, 86–89
IcsA	T5SS/T2SS	Actin	Actin filament	Cell motility	90–98
IcsB	T3SS	Unknown/cholesterol	Unknown	Vacuole rupture	99–103
VirA	T3SS	Rab1	GTPase hydrolysis	Autophagy evasion	100, 104