Table 4.

Mean score and standard deviation (SD) of the three observed substeps and the aggregate of all these steps

	Beginner		Intermediate		Expert		P-value
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Overall	B vs I	B vs E	I vs E
PBA
All steps	2.71	0.64	3.70	0.81	3.90	0.67	< 0.001*	0.003*	< 0.001*	0.52
Pouch creation	2.80	0.28	3.13	0.14	3.19	0.50	0.28	0.087	0.22	0.82
BPL and GJ	3.21	0.46	4.75	0.32	4.00	0.14	< 0.001*	0.002*	0.016*	0.005*
AL and JJ	2.13	0.63	3.21	0.17	4.50	0.46	< 0.001*	0.016*	< 0.001*	0.002*
BOSATS
All steps	2.78	0.72	3.56	0.82	4.19	0.50	< 0.001*	0.022*	< 0.001*	0.032*
Pouch creation	2.63	0.22	3.04	0.51	4.16	0.34	< 0.001*	0.19	< 0.001*	0.010*
BPL and GJ	3.56	0.61	4.45	0.41	3.87	0.64	0.13	0.052	0.51	0.18
AL and JJ	2.14	0.33	3.18	0.64	4.54	0.32	< 0.001*	0.029*	< 0.001*	0.009*
OSATS
All steps	1.84	0.47	2.86	0.99	3.44	0.80	< 0.001*	0.004*	< 0.001*	0.13
Pouch creation	1.78	0.31	2.24	0.11	3.48	0.61	< 0.001*	0.033*	0.003*	0.007*
BPL and GJ	2.20	0.54	3.96	0.93	2.79	0.25	0.011*	0.017*	0.095	0.052
AL and JJ	1.55	0.35	2.39	0.52	4.05	0.93	0.001*	0.037*	0.002*	0.021*

B beginner, I intermediate, E expert, BPL biliopancreatic limb, GJ gastro-jejunal anastomosis, AL alimentary limb, JJ jejunojejunostomy

^*Significant values (p < 0.05)