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. 2024 Apr 18;14:8919. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-59459-9

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Serum corticosterone (CORT) levels from mice in the different social dominance groups measured under different cage change conditions. Groups of mice were sacrificed either immediately after the home cage change and 15 min recording session to identify Dominant, Intermediate and Submissive mice (Cage Change condition) or 48 h after this timepoint to measure CORT from undisturbed cages of mice (Control condition). Mice in the Dominant and Intermediate groups, but not Submissive group, showed significantly elevated CORT levels relative to controls (^#P < 0.05) after cage change and social dominance interactions. After cage change, Submissive group mice showed significantly lower levels of CORT compared to other two groups (**P < 0.005 versus both groups) following this session. Bar graph data are shown as mean ± s.e.m.