Table 3.
Expression levels of LCN2 in cancers of the human female reproductive tract.
| Cancer type | Specimen/model | LCN2 expression and effect* | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Endometrial | Cancerous tissue | ↑ | https://www.proteinatlas.org/, last accessed on 21.3.2024 |
| Endometrial hyperplasia, cancerous tissue | ↑ | (86, 87) | |
| Precancerous atypical endometrial hyperplasia tissue | ↑ | (88) | |
| Cancerous tissue | ↑, correlation of LCN2 and shorter overall survival | (89) | |
| Cancerous tissue | ↑, correlation of LCN2 expression with aggressive features and poor prognosis | (90) | |
| Cancerous tissue | ↑, LCN2 can be used as prognostic marker | (91) | |
| Serum of cancer patient | ↑, LCN2 can be used as non-invasive biomarker | (92) | |
| Carcinoma cell line (RL95-2) | LCN2 treatment promoted cancer cell survival and migration | (93) | |
| Carcinoma cell line (RL95-2) | Dexamethasone and starvation conditions upregulate LCN2 | (94) | |
| Carcinoma cell line (HHUA, Ishikawa, HEC1A, HEC1B, KLE, RL-95-2 | LCN2 overexpression increased cancer cell proliferation and invasion | (87) | |
| Carcinoma cell line (HHUA, HEC1A, HEC1B, KLE, RL95-2) | LCN2 overexpression promotes cancer cell survival in stressful environment | (95) | |
| Carcinoma cell line (RL95-2) | LCN2 isolated from murine uterine fluid induces apoptosis of human endometrial cancer cells | (94) | |
| Ovarian | Cancerous tissue | ↑ | https://www.proteinatlas.org/, last accessed on 21.3.2024 |
| Carcinoma cell lines (OVCAR-5, SNU-8, RMG-I, OVKATE, EFO-21) | ↑ | https://www.proteinatlas.org/, last accessed on 21.3.2024 | |
| Cancerous tissue, carcinoma cell lines (CAOV3, ES2, OVCAR3, SKOV3) | ↑, LCN2 mediates tumor progression | (81) | |
| Cancerous tissue, serum, urine | ↑, LCN2 can be used as non-invasive marker | (82–84) | |
| Ovarian serous papillary carcinomas | ↑ | (85) | |
| Ovarian clear cell carcinoma | ↑, LCN2 promotes cancer cell survival | (77) | |
| Cervical | Cancerous tissue | ↑ | https://www.proteinatlas.org/, last accessed on 21.3.2024 |
| Cancerous tissue, serum, cell lines (C33A) | ↑, correlation of LCN2 with metastasis and cancer progression | (97) | |
| Serum of cancer patient | ↑, LCN2 can be used as non-invasive marker | (98) |
*↑ indicates an increased expression during the course of a specific pathology.