Fig. 1.

The scheme of study design and sample collection. a Overview of the study design. Peripheral blood from NSCLC patients with anti-PD-1 treatment were collected at multiple time points during the treatment, including pre-treatment, on-treatment, and progression. Single-cell RNA sequencing was applied to individual T cells, and the output data were used for expression analysis and TCR profiling. b Computerized tomography (CT) scans of pleural in responder Pt1 at pre-treatment, on-treatment and progression. CT scans of pleural in nonresponder Pt4 at pre-treatment and on-treatment. c Gating strategy for single T cell sorting. CD8⁺ T cells and CD4⁺ T cells were enriched by sorting 7AAD⁻CD3⁺CD8⁺ and 7AAD⁻CD3⁺CD4⁺, respectively