Fig. 4.

PD-1 and Tim-3 are increased in the CD39⁺CD8⁺ T cells, and POM-1 can recover partial function of CD39⁺CD8⁺ T cells. a, b Expression of immune checkpoint in CD39⁻CD8⁺ and CD39⁺CD8⁺ T cells (n = 26, FMO was used for the control). c Frequencies of TNF-α⁺CD8⁺ T cells and IFN-γ⁺CD8⁺ T cells from patients (n = 12) after treated POM-1 or DMSO. Expression of PD-1 and Tim-3 from patients (n = 12) after treated POM-1 or DMSO. Bar plots show mean ± SD. ns: no significance, ^✱p < 0.05; ^✱✱p < 0.01; ^✱✱✱p < 0.001 and ^✱✱✱✱p < 0.0001 by paired t test. Low: percentage of CD39⁺CD8⁺ T cells low; high: percentage of CD39⁺CD8⁺ T cells high