Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of clinicopathological features of primary and chemoreduced retinoblastoma by Cox’s Proportional Hazards Survival along with the probabilities for Kaplan–Meier Analysis
| Parameters | Primary retinoblastoma (Group I; n = 144) | Chemoreduced retinoblastoma (Group II; n = 118) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate | Multivariate | Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
| Hazard ratio’s | p value* | Hazard ratio’s | p value* | Hazard ratio’s | p value* | Hazard ratio’s | p value* | |
| Sex | 0.612 (0.12–3.13) | 0.545 | – | – | 1.267 (0.359–4.47) | 0.716 | – | – |
| Age | 1.563 (0.35–6.94) | 0.556 | – | – | 0.747 0.21–2.63) | 0.649 | – | – |
| Laterality | 4.514 (1.02–20.05) | 0.048 | 6.233 (1.29–28.75) | 0.021 | 0.884 (0.23–3.45) | 0.863 | – | – |
| Staging | 1.967 (0.38–10.07) | 0.400 | – | – | 0.902 (0.23–3.46) | 0.880 | – | – |
| Differentiation | – | 0.212 | – | – | – | 0.118 | – | – |
| Necrosis | 3.045 (0.59–15.68) | 0.185 | – | – | 2.085 (0.56–7.67) | 0.269 | – | – |
| Calcification | 3.611 (0.70–18.53) | 0.103 | – | – | 2.646 (0.53–13.06) | 0.232 | – | – |
| Massive choroidal invasion | 6.441 (1.25–32.95) | 0.026 | 10.336 (1.32–80.91) | 0.026 | 5 (1.31–19.07) | 0.018 | 1.427 (0.39–5.14) | 0.587 |
| Scleral invasion | 17.558 (3.94–78.18) | 0.001 | 4.869 (0.86– 28.73) | 0.106 | 0.887 (0.18–4.16) | 0.880 | ||
| Extrascleral infiltration | – | – | – | – | 11.333 (2.50–51.27) | 0.002 | 4.700 (0.76– 29.06) | 0.096 |
| Iris and ciliary body invasion | 4.679 (0.91–24.06) | 0.066 | – | – | 5.15 (.85–30.86) | 0.073 | – | – |
| Anterior chamber invasion | 6.037 (1.17–30.95) | 0.032 | 1.332 (0.25–6.83) | 0.731 | 2.888 (0.29–28.66) | 0.365 | – | – |
| Presence of macrophages | – | – | – | – | 21.411 (4.17– 109.68) | 0.001 | 15.629 (2.47–98.80) | 0.003 |
| Gliosis | – | – | – | – | 1.249 (0.15–9.83) | 0.838 | – | – |
| Fibrosis | – | – | – | – | – | 0.118 | – | – |
| Presence of cholesterol clefts | – | – | – | – | 1.388 (0.15–12.38) | 0.769 | – | – |
| Resected margin of ON invasion | 0.432 (0.08–2.21) | 0.294 | – | – | 1.779 (0.46–6.85) | 0.404 | – | – |
| Invasion of > 1 HRFs | 2.161 (0.42–11.05) | 0.335 | – | – | 0.577 (0.14–2.35) | 0.444 | – | |
| PD–1 | 2.000 (0.39–10.24) | 0.408 | – | – | 6.805 (1.37–33.61) | 0.019 | 9.295 (2.68–32.16) | 0.001 |
| PD-L1 | 5.946 (1.16–30.42) | 0.022 | 12.988 (0.92–34.23) | 0.001 | 0.460 (0.05–3.83) | 0.808 | – | – |
| CTLA-4 | 4.513 (0.82–21.54) | 0.048 | – | – | 0.893 (0.21–3.66) | 0.876 | ||
* Bold signifies statistical significant value