Fig. 2.

Effects of VEGFA overexpression on murine tumor cells in vitro. The upregulation of VEGFA in CT26 and 4T1 cells, using VEGFA-Luc lentivirus (a–b), **** p < 0.0001. Increased proliferation in CT26-VEGFA and 4T1-VEGFA cells was confirmed by CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay (c–d), ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05. The cell cycle was assessed using flow cytometry analysis in tumor cells with or without VEGFA expression (e), *** p < 0.001. Transwell assays were performed to detect the effect of VEGFA overexpression on cell migration (f) and invasion (g), *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01. -VEGFA: the group of mice bearing VEGFA-overexpressed tumor cells, -NC: the group of mice bearing tumor cells with empty vector