Fig. 4.

MPL is an effective TLR4 agonist with antitumor effects comparable to LPS in C3H/HeN mice. a TNFα secretion from primary cultures of intraperitoneal macrophages (n = 3). Values represent means ± S.D. **P < 0.01 by Mann–Whitney U test. b Serum concentrations of TNFα and IFNγ in C3H/HeN mice 6 h after LPS or MPL administration (n = 3). Values represent means ± S.D. *P < 0.05 by Mann–Whitney U test. c LM8 tumor volume curves of C3H/HeN (solid line) and C3H/HeJ (dotted line) mice after MPL treatment (n = 5). Values represent means ± S.D. *P < 0.05 by Mann–Whitney U test. d Kaplan–Meier curves for overall survival probability of C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ mice with LM8 tumors (n = 5). A generalized Wilcoxon test was used for statistical analysis. e H&E stain of LM8 tumors in C3H/HeJ (left) and C3H/HeN (right) mice treated with MPL. f Percentage of necrotic area in tumor tissue (n = 5). Values represent means ± S.D. Scale bar = 200 µm. g H&E stain of LM8 lung metastases in C3H/HeJ (left) and C3H/HeN (right) mice treated with MPL. h Percentage of metastasis area in lung (n = 5). Values represent means ± S.D. *P < 0.05 by Mann–Whitney U test. Scale bar = 200 µm