Fig. 2.

Definitions of antibiotic exposure by study relative to the initiation of immune checkpoint blockade at time 0. This figure demonstrates the various definitions of antibiotic exposure adopted in each study, relative to the initiation of ICB at time 0. Studies by Do [17], Kulkarni [15], Masini [18] and Hemadri [21] defined antibiotic exposure as any time during ICB, as illustrated with the arrow beyond 100 days