Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Study | Study type | N | Antibiotic exposed N (%) |
Cancer type | Immunotherapy target (N) |
Median age (Abx vs no Abx) or pooled median | ECOG 0–1 or KPS ≥ 90 N (%) |
Male N (%) |
Median PFS Abx vs no Abx (months) | Median OS Abx vs no Abx (months) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 cohorts | ||||||||||
|
Derosa-RCC [7] (France/USA) |
Paper | 121 | 16 (13%) | RCC |
PDL1 (111) PDL1 + CTLA-4 (10) |
61 vs 61 | 118 (49%) | 1.9 vs 7.4 | 17.3 vs 30.6 | |
|
Derosa-NSCLC [7] (France/USA) |
Paper | 239 | 48 (20%) | NSCLC |
PDL1 (205) PDL1 + CTLA-4 (34) |
63 vs 66 | 236 (99%) | 80 (66%) | 1.9 vs 3.8 | 7.9 vs 24.6 |
|
Elkrief [8] (Canada) |
Paper | 74 | 10 (13.5%) | Melanoma |
PD1/PDL1 (54) CTLA-4 (20) |
58 vs 65 | 49 (66%) | 2.4 vs 7.3 | 10.7 vs 18.3 | |
|
Pinato [16] (UK) |
Abstract | 196 | 97 (49%), only 29 in 0–30 days |
NSCLC (119) Melanoma (38) Other (39) |
PD1/PDL1 (189) Not specified (7) |
159 (84%) | 137 (70%) | 2 vs 26 | ||
|
Thompson [22] (USA) |
Abstract | 74 | 18 (24%) | NSCLC | PD1/PDL1 (74) | 66 | 41 (55%) | 2.0 vs 3.8 | 4.0 vs 12.6 | |
|
Sen [19] (USA) |
Paper | 172 | 19 (11%) |
NSCLC 2(1) RCC (25) Melanoma (16) Other (110) |
CTLA-4 (105) PDL1 (67) |
60 | 88 (51%) | 2.5 vs 3.0 | 4.6 vs 8.2 | |
|
Zhao [23] (China) |
Paper | 109 | 20 (18.3%) | NSCLC | PD1 (109) | 57 vs 62 | 107 (98%) | 89 (82%) | 3.7 vs 9.6 | 6.1 vs 21.9 |
| Group 2 Cohorts | ||||||||||
|
Ahmed [6] (USA) |
Paper | 60 | 17 (28%) |
Lung (34) Melanoma (3) RCC (4) Other (19) |
PD1/PDL1 (60) | 52 vs 66 | 38 (63%) | 35 (58%) | 5.0 vs 12.0 | 5.6 vs 20.8 |
|
Hakozaki [41] (Japan) |
Paper | 90 | 13 (14%) | NSCLC | PD1 (90) | 67 vs 68 | 77 (85%) | 57 (63%) | 1.2 vs 4.4 | 8.8 vs NR |
|
Huemer-Salzburg [5] (Austria) |
Paper | 43 | 20 (46.5%) | NSCLC | PD1/PDL1 (43) | 60 | 30 (70%) | 21 (49%) | 7.5 vs 13.6 | |
|
Huemer -Linz [5] (Austria) |
Paper | 53 | 18 (33.9%) | NSCLC | PD1/PDL1 (53) | 66 | 53 (100%) | 32 (60%) | NR vs 10.8 | |
|
(USA) |
Abstract | 146 | 31 (21%) | RCC | PD1/PDL1 (146) | 61 | 104 (71%) | 2.6 vs 8.1 |
65% vs 79% (1-year OS) |
|
|
Mielgo-Rubio [20] (Spain) |
Abstract | 168 | 80 (48%) | NSCLC | PD1/PDL1 (168) | 65 | 121 (72%) | 79.8% | 5.1 vs 7.3 | 8.1 vs 11.9 |
|
Routy-NSCLC [13] (France) |
Paper | 140 | 37 (26%) | NSCLC | PD1/PDL1 (140) | 64 | 129 (92%) | 102 (73%) | 2.8 vs 3.5 | 8.3 vs 15.3 |
|
Routy-Urothelial [13] (France) |
Paper | 42 | 12 (29%) | Urothelial | PD1/PDL1 (42) | 63 | 26 (62%) | 30 (71%) | 1.8 vs 4.3 | 11.5 vs NR |
|
Schett [24] (Switzerland) |
Abstract | 218 | Estimated at 42 (20%) from power calculation | NSCLC | PD1/PDL1 (218) | 1.4 vs 5.8 | 10.6 vs 29.9 | |||
|
Tinsley [25] (UK) |
Paper | 291 | 92 (32%) |
Melanoma (179) NSCLC (64) RCC (48) |
66 | 230 (79%) | 181 (62%) | 3.1 vs 6.3 | 10.7 vs 21.7 | |
| Group 3 Cohorts | ||||||||||
|
Do [17] (USA) |
Abstract | 109 | 87 (80%) | Lung cancer | PD1 (109) | 5.4 vs 17.2 | ||||
|
Hemadri [21] (USA) |
Abstract | 172 | 29 (17%) | Melanoma | PD1/PDL1 (172) | 106 (32%) | 16.6 vs 19.8 | 23.8 vs 35.4 | ||
|
Kulkarni-NSCLC [15] (USA) |
Abstract | 148 | 87 (59%) | NSCLC | PD1/PDL1 (148) | 5 vs 2.5 | 13 vs 8 | |||
|
Kulkarni-RCC [15] (USA) |
Abstract | 55 | 40 (72%) | RCC | PD1/PDL1 (55) | 2.9 vs 5 | ||||
|
Masini [18] (Italy) |
Abstract | 169 | 59 (35%) |
NSCLC (78) Melanoma (57) RCC (29) Other (5) |
PD1/PDL1 (159) CTLA-4 (10) |
|||||
Abx antibiotic, NR not reached, KPS Karnofsky Performance Score