Fig. 1.

Flow cytometric analysis and immunohistochemistry staining confirm the presence of galectin-9⁺TAMs in MIBC patients. a Representative flow cytometric plots of galectin-9⁺CD45⁺CD68⁺ macrophages. b Percentage of Gal-9⁺TAMs in tumor and peritumor tissues (n = 6), as based on the paired t test. c Representative images of double staining for galectin-9 (brown) and macrophages (CD68, blue); 200 × magnification; scale bar, 100 μm; 400 × magnification; scale bar, 50 μm. d Proportion of Gal-9⁺ and Gal-9⁻TAMs. e Frequency of Gal-9⁺TAMs among different tumor stages and f grades observed by FCM (left) and IHC (right)