Table 1.
Patient characteristics in immune-modulator associated type 1 diabetes mellitus
| Agent | Disease | Antibodies detected | Time to development | C-peptide (ng/mL) | DKA | Prior treatment | Relevant history | High-risk HLA genotype | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nivolumab | Melanoma | None | 5 months | <0.1 | + | Ipilimumab | Autoimmune thyroiditis | A02:01, DRB1*04 | [8] |
| Nivolumab | NSCLC | +anti-GAD | <1 month | <0.1 | + | None | None | A02:01, DRB1*04 | [8] |
| Nivolumab | RCC | +anti-GAD, anti-ICA512, anti-IA2 | 4 months | 1.3 | – | Proleukin, bevacizumab, interferon | None | A02:01, DRB1*04 | [8] |
| Nivolumab | SLC | +anti-GAD | 1 week | <0.1 | + | Carboplatin, etoposide, paclitaxel | Type 2 DM | A02:01 | [8] |
| Nivolumab | Melanoma | None | 7 months | 0.08 | + | Dacarbazine | None | NR | [13] |
| Nivolumab | Melanoma | None | 4 months | UD | + | None | None | None | [14] |
| Nivolumab | Melanoma | None | 12 months | 1 | – | Dacarbazine, nimustine, cisplatin, tamoxifen | None | DRB1*04:05, DQB1*04:01 | [15] |
| Nivolumab | Melanoma | None | 6 weeks | <0.1 | – | None | None | NR | [11] |
| Nivolumab | Melanoma | +anti-GAD | 3 weeks | low | + | Dacarbazine, Ipilimumab | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | NR | [11] |
| Nivolumab | Melanoma | NR | 6 weeks | NR | NR | Dacarbazine, Ipilimumab | NR | NR | [11] |
| Pembrolizumab | Melanoma | +anti-GAD | 3 weeks | Low | – | Ipilimumab | None | NR | [11] |
| Pembrolizumab | Melanoma | None | 2 weeks after 2nd injection | UD | + | Ipilimumab | Autoimmune thyroiditis | None | [9] |
| Pembrolizumab | Melanoma | +anti-GAD | After 3rd infusion | NR | + | Ipilimumab | None | DRB1*04, DQB1*03:02 | [10] |
| Pembrolizumab | Melanoma | None | <1 month | 0.5 | – | None | Autoimmune thyroiditis, psoriasis | Not reported | [8] |
| Pembrolizumab | Melanoma | +anti-GAD | 51 weeks | 2.4 | – | IFN alpha 2B, vemurafenib, high-dose IL-2, ipilimumab | Treatment-related hypothyroidism | Not reported | [12] |
| Pembrolizumab | NSCLC | +anti-GAD, anti-IA2 | 1 week after 2nd injection | <0.1 | – | Concurrent carboplatin, nab-paclitaxel | None | Not tested | Current report |
Normal c-peptide level range: 0.9–3.85 ng/mL
NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer, RCC renal cell carcinoma, SCLC small cell lung cancer, anti-GAD anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase, anti-ICA512 islet cell autoantigen 512, anti-IA2 anti-islet antigen 2, DKA diabetic ketoacidosis, UD undetectable, NR not reported