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Endostatin promotes macrophage polarization in RAW264.7 and BMDM cells toward an M1 phenotype in vitro. Detection of M1- and M2-related cell surface marker expression on a RAW264.7 cells and b BMDMs by flow cytometry. Protein and RNA expression was examined by (c IL-12p40) ELISA and (d RAW264.7, e BMDM) qRT-PCR, respectively. Data represent the mean ± SD from three independent experiments. *p < 0.05 versus control group, **p < 0.01 versus control group; # p < 0.05 versus pScramble group
