Fig. 3.

Endostatin-induced M1-like macrophages inhibit the growth, invasion and migration of co-cultured 4T1 breast cancer cells in vitro. a Survival and colony-forming rates (left and right, respectively) of 4T1 cells. b Scratch-wound assays evaluated the migration potential of 4T1 cells following co-culture with control or endostatin overexpressing macrophages. c Transwell assays assessed the invasion potential of 4T1 cells following co-culture with control or endostatin overexpressing macrophages. d, e Western blot analysis of PCNA, MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein levels in 4T1 cells following co-culture experiments. Flow cytometry analysis of f, g cell cycle stage and h apoptosis in 4T1 cells following co-culture with control and endostatin overexpressing macrophages. Control group represents untreated RAW264.7 cells and M1 group represents RAW264.7 macrophages transfected with pEndostatin. Data represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments. *p < 0.05 versus control group; ** p < 0.01 versus control group