Fig. 5.

Endostatin inhibits tumor growth in vivo by skewing TAM polarization in vivo. Analysis of M1 and M2 markers in a peritoneal macrophages and b–d TAMs by flow cytometry and ELISA. e, f Detection of VEGF-A and PIGF protein expression by western blotting. g SEM images of tumor blood vessels (imaged in cross section) from control and SL/pEndostatin-treated mice. h Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor sections stained for F4/80 to identify TAMs. Data represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments. *p < 0.05 versus control group; ^# p < 0.05 versus PQ group