Table 1.

Correlation with clinical characteristics between MPE and NMPE (n = 140)

	Pleural effusion		Chi-square values
	Malignant	Non-malignant
Gender
Male	38	39	0.0003*
Female	31	32
Age
≤60 years	28	37	1.436#
>60 years	41	34
Smoking
Yes	33	26	1.372&
No	36	45

* P = 0.99 > 0.05 for the comparison of gender in patients with MPE and NMPE; ^# P = 0.23 > 0.05 for the comparison of age in patients with MPE and NMPE; ^& P = 0.24 > 0.05 for the comparison of smoking in patients with MPE and NMPE