Fig. 3.

Mechanisms by which cancer cells may promote bone resorption via regulation of RANKL and/or OPG. Abbreviations: BMSC, bone marrow stromal cells; CaBr, breast cancer; CaP, prostate cancer; MM, multiple myeloma; OB, osteoblasts; OPG, osteoprotegerin; RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κΒ ligand. Reprinted from Kearns AE, et al. Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand and osteoprotegerin regulation of bone remodeling in health and disease. Endocr Rev. 29:155–192. Copyright 2008 [56]