Fig. 1.

Enhancement of the phagocytosis of surface-modified GM-CSF tumor vaccine by DCs. DCs were co-cultured with PKH67-labeled cells such as irradiatied-RM-1, irradiatied-RM-1 plus GM-CSF or membrane-modified GM-CSF tumor vaccine for 4 h or 16 h at a ratio of 1:1 at 4°C (for control) or 37°C. At the end of incubation, all of cells were harvested, washed, and stained with CD11c-FITC antibody. Phagocytosis was assessed by FACS analysis of double-positive cells. a Typical data from a representative experiment (n = 5); b Absolute phagocytosis rate was calculated after 16 h co-culture. (Absolute phagocytosis rate = phagocytosis rate in 37°C-phagocytosis rate in 4°C. Signal *indicated P < 0.05 in comparison with RM-1 group, #indicated P < 0.05 in comparison with RM-1 plus free GM-CSF