Table 5.
Univariate analysis of clinicopathological and immunohistochemical parameters associated with disease-free survival and overall survival
| Variable | Disease-free survival | Overall survival | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
| HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | |
| Age (≤60 vs. >60) | 0.973 (0.726–1.304) | 0.855 | 1.033 (0.765–1.393) | 0.834 | ||||
| Gender (male vs. female) | 0.866 (0.646–1.161) | 0.336 | 0.881 (0.653–1.188) | 0.405 | ||||
| Pre-op KPS (<80 vs. ≥80) | 0.737 (0.534–1.017) | 0.063 | 0.695 (0.495–0.976) | 0.036 | 0.700 (0.505–0.971) | 0.032 | 0.638 (0.451–0.902) | 0.011 |
| Tumor location | ||||||||
| Upper | Ref. | 0.044 | Ref. | 0.018 | Ref. | 0.036 | Ref. | 0.009 |
| Middle | 0.979 (0.614–1.561) | 0.928 | 0.952 (0.587–1.546) | 0.843 | 0.943 (0.589–1.507) | 0.805 | 0.879 (0.539–1.434) | 0.607 |
| Lower | 0.678 (0.427–1.076) | 0.099 | 0.623 (0.387–1.002) | 0.051 | 0.646 (0.406–1.029) | 0.066 | 0.560 (0.346–0.906) | 0.018 |
| Tumor length (≤4 cm vs.> 4 cm) | 1.366 (1.017–1.834) | 0.038 | 1.191 (0.870–1.630) | 0.275 | 1.331 (0.984–1.799) | 0.063 | 1.145 (0.828–1.582) | 0.413 |
| Differential grade | ||||||||
| Well | Ref. | 0.016 | Ref. | 0.003 | Ref. | 0.004 | <0.001 | |
| Moderate | 1.272 (0.914–1.770) | 0.153 | 1.360 (0.962–1.925) | 0.082 | 1.296 (0.922–1.182) | 0.135 | 1.389 (0.972–1.986) | 0.071 |
| Poor | 1.763 (1.196–2.597) | 0.004 | 1.997 (1.333–2.990) | 0.001 | 1.964 (1.325–2.912) | 0.001 | 2.294 (1.516–3.470) | <0.001 |
| Perineural invasion (no vs. yes) | 1.545 (0.683–3.492) | 0.296 | 1.734 (0.766–3.925) | 0.187 | ||||
| Vascular invasion (no vs. yes) | 3.175 (1.474–6.839) | 0.003 | 2.451 (1.200–5.802) | 0.027 | 3.457 (1.603–7.453) | 0.002 | 2.577 (1.160–5.728) | 0.020 |
| Treatment regimens | ||||||||
| Surgery alone | Ref. | 0.857 | Ref. | 0.915 | ||||
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | 1.087 (0.742–1.592) | 0.669 | 1.042 (0.705–1.539) | 0.836 | ||||
| Adjuvant radiation | 1.071 (0.721–1.591) | 0.734 | 0.943 (0.623–1.427) | 0.782 | ||||
| Adjuvant chemoradiation | 0.887 (0.571–1.380) | 0.595 | 0.878 (0.560–1.377) | 0.572 | ||||
| Hematological markers | ||||||||
| ALC (low vs. high) | 0.891 (0.613–1.294) | 0.545 | 0.917 (0.624–1.347) | 0.659 | ||||
| AMC (low vs. high) | 1.173 (0.876–1.570) | 0.285 | 1.262 (0.937–1.700) | 0.126 | ||||
| LMR (low vs. high) | 0.753 (0.560–1.011) | 0.057 | 0.945 (0.686–1.303) | 0.732 | 0.739 (0.546–1.000) | 0.050 | 0.995 (0.716–1.384) | 0.979 |
| Immunohistochemical markers | ||||||||
| CD8+ TILs (low vs. high) | 0.921 (0.687–1.235) | 0.584 | 0.865 (0.641–1.169) | 0.345 | ||||
| CD4+ TILs (low vs. high) | 0.877 (0.583–1.321) | 0.531 | 0.851 (0.564–1.282) | 0.440 | ||||
| CD45RO+ TILs (low vs. high) | 1.079 (0.787–1.479) | 0.639 | 1.066 (0.774–1.469) | 0.696 | ||||
| TAM (CD68) (low vs. high) | 1.318 (0.886–1.962) | 0.173 | 1.352 (0.896–2.039) | 0.151 | ||||
| CD8/CD68 (low vs. high) | 0.601 (0.411–0.877) | 0.007 | 0.766 (0.473–1.240) | 0.279 | 0.540 (0.364–0.802) | 0.002 | 0.688 (0.421–1.126) | 0.137 |
| CD4/CD68 (low vs. high) | 0.717 (0.486–1.057) | 0.093 | 1.149 (0.714–1.851) | 0.567 | 0.683 (0.455–1.025) | 0.066 | 1.138 (0.694–1.866) | 0.609 |
| CD45RO/CD68 (low vs. high) | 0.529 (0.371–0.754) | <0.001 | 0.600 (0.418–0.861) | 0.006 | 0.494 (0.342–0.715) | <0.001 | 0.567 (0.389–0.827) | 0.003 |
| CD45RO/CD68 (as a continuous variable) | 0.891 (0.820–0.968) | 0.006 | 0.913 (0.841–0.990) | 0.028 | 0.876 (0.803–0.956) | 0.003 | 0.899 (0.825–0.979) | 0.014 |
Values in bold signify p < 0.05
TILs tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, TAM tumor-associated macrophages, ALC absolute lymphocyte count, AMC absolute monocyte count, LMR lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, Ref. reference