Table 1.
Anti-angiogenic active immunotherapy for tumors
| Strategies | Therapeutic targets | Vaccines | Tumor models | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vaccination based on xenogeneic homologous molecules | Murine vascular endothelial cells | Human umbilical vein endothelial cells, human dermal microvascular endothelial cells, and bovine glomerular endothelial cells | Meth A, MA782/5S, FM3A, H22, and Lewis lung carcinoma | [55] |
| Murine VEGF | Recombinant plasmid encoding VEGF of Xenopus laevis | Meth A, MA782/5S and H22 | [54] | |
| pMAE5Δ5 vectors harboring human VEGF 121 gene and mutated human VEGF 121 gene | EL-4, B16, and TC-1 | [3] | ||
| Canine VEGF | Liposome-DNA adjuvant | Soft tissue sarcoma | [18] | |
| Murine VEGFR-2 | Plasmid DNA encoding quail VEGFR-2 | Meth A, EL-4 and MOPC-315, | [27] | |
| Murine FGFR-1 | cDNA encoding Xenopus homologous FGFR-1 | Meth A, H22, and MA782/5S | [14] | |
| Murine αvβ3 | Plasmid DNA encoding the ligand-binding domain of chicken integrin β3 | Meth A, H22, and MA782/5S | [31] | |
| Murine MMP-2 | Plasmid DNA encoding chicken homologous MMP-2 | LL/2, Meth A , H22 | [49] | |
| Vaccination based on non-xenogeneic homologous molecules | Murine VEGFR-2 | flk-1 protein pulsed DC | B16, 3LL | [26] |
| flk1 mRNA-transfected DC | B16, MBT-2 | [33] | ||
| Murine sVEGFR-2 and IFN-γ fusion gene- transfected DC | B16, 3LL | [36] | ||
| Recombinant plasmid encoding flk-1 | B16, MC38, D121 | [34] | ||
| H-2Db-restricted KDR2 or KDR3 peptide | MC38 | [7] | ||
| VEGFR-2 in transgenic mice expressing HLA-A*0201 | HLA-A*0201-restricted VEGFR-2 epitope peptide | MC38, B16 | [53] | |
| Murine FGF-2 | FGF-2 heparin-binding structural domain peptide | B16BL6, LLC-LM | [39] | |
| Murine EGFR | Recombinant mouse EGFR ectodomain pulsed DC | Lewis lung carcinoma and mammary cancer | [16] | |
| Legumain | Minigene plasmid DNA encoding murine MHC class I antigen epitopes of Legumain | D2F2 | [25] | |
| Endoglin | Plasmid DNA encoding murine endoglin | D2F2 | [24] |
B16 B16 melanoma; B16BL6 B16BL6 tumor cells; D121 D121 lung carcinoma; D2F2 breast carcinoma cells; EL-4 EL-4 lymphoma; FM3A mammary cancer; H22 H22 hepatoma; LL/2 LL/2 Lewis lung carcinoma; LLC-LM LLC-LM tumor cells; MA782/5S MA782/5S mammary cancer; Meth A Meth A fibrosarcoma; MBT-2 MBT-2 bladder tumor; MC38 MC38 murine colon cancer; MOPC-315 MOPC-315 plasmacytoma; TC-1 TC-1 carcinoma; 3LL 3LL Lewis lung carcinoma