Table 1.
Release of CXCL10, CCL5 and CCL17 protein by native human AML blasts: (i) constitutive release of CXCL10, CCL5 and CCL17 by AML cells cultured alone and (ii) levels of CXCL10 and CCL17 when AML cells were cocultured with nonleukemic bone marrow stromal cells in transwell cultures
| Experimental model | Nonleukemic cells chemokine | In transwell cultures | Detectable chemokine levels (pg/ml) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient fraction | Median | Variation range | P-value | |||
| Constitutive release for AML cells cultured alone | CXCL10 (n=74) | – | 63/74 | 636 | 5.9–17,400 | |
| CCL5 (n=74) | 72/74 | 131.3 | 2.4–2288 | |||
| CCL17 (n=74) | 32/74 | 135.1 | 16.7–3707 | |||
| AML cells cocultured with nonleukemic cells | ||||||
| Fibroblasts (HFL1) | CXCL10 (n=25) | None | 20/25 | 478 | 12.4–5,909 | |
| ↑HFL1 fibroblasts | 22/25 | 840 | 2.7–5909 | <0.001 | ||
| CCL17 (n=25) | None | 21/25 | 292 | 10.0–3250 | ||
| ↑HFL1 fibroblasts | 22/25 | 910 | 10.5–3980 | <0.001 | ||
| Osteoblasts (Cal72, SJSA1) | CXCL10 (n=38) | None | 32/38 | 1850 | 10.8–2840 | |
| ↑Cal72 osteoblasts | 34/38 | 2300 | 2.9–2880 | 0.0052 | ||
| ↑SJSA-1 osteoblasts | 36/38 | 2340 | 3.2–3355 | <0.002 | ||
| CCL17 (n=15) | None | 10/15 | 279 | 16.5–2,900 | ||
| ↑Cal72 osteoblasts | 11/15 | 310 | 48–2,860 | 0.042 | ||
| ↑SJSA-1 osteoblasts | 11/15 | 345 | 9.8–2,900 | 0.042 | ||
| Normal stromal cells | CXCL10 (n=15) | None | 4/15 | 34.5 | 4.5–350 | |
| ↑Normal bone marrow stromal cells | 6/15 | 41.4 | 5.1–375 | 0.016 | ||
| ↑Normal osteoblasts | 6/15 | 39.5 | 6.3–350 | 0.016 | ||
AML cells were cultured alone in 24 well tissue culture plates (1×106 cells/ml and 2 days of culture, the constitutive release results) or in coculture with various nonleukemic stromal cells (1×106 AML cells/1.5 ml, 7 days of culture). The cocultures were prepared in transwell plates and chemokine levels determined after 7 days. Patient numbers are given in parenthesis in the chemokine column. The results are presented as (i) the fraction of patients with detectable chemokine levels; and (ii) the median and range for those patients with detectable levels. For AML cultures the concentrations in the supernatants are given, for cocultures the incremental concentrations are given (i.e., the level in cocultures minus the levels for nonleukemic cells cultured alone). The Wilcoxon’s test for paired samples was used for statistical analysis, and patients without detectable levels were not included in the analyses