Table 1.

Chemotherapy can augment immunotherapy by multiple pathways

	Drugs	References
1. Increased antigen cross-presentation	Gemcitabine	[33, 47, 48]
2. Activation of dendritic cells	Paclitaxel	[47, 48, 69]
3. Homeostatic proliferation	Alkylating agents, fludarabine	[42, 49, 54]
4. Increased homing to tumors	Gemcitabine, antivascular flavonoids	[33, 48, 62]
5. Inhibition of immunosuppressive cells	Gemcitabine, cyclophosphamide, taxanes	[31, 35, 42, 47, 48, 56, 60]
6. Upregulation of recognition molecules	Cisplatin, 5-FU, 5-aza-2′ deoxycitidine	[33, 42, 50, 59]