Table 4.
Models 1–7: Total and Indirect Effects of Discrimination and Microaggressions on Poor Sleep Quality
| Model 1: Discrimination | Unstandardized Coeff | SE | 95% CI | Standardized total effect | t (df = 219) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Total effect | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.04, 0.17 | .22 | 3.07 | .002 |
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| Unstandardized Coeff | SE | 95% CI | Standardized β | SE | 95% CI | |
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| Total indirect effect | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.00, 0.07 | .06 | 0.03 | 0.00, 0.13 |
| Through RUM | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.00, 0.07 | .06 | 0.03 | 0.00, 0.13 |
| Through VIG | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.02, 0.02 | .00 | 0.02 | −0.03, 0.04 |
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| Model 2: Foreigner/Not Belonging | Unstandardized Coeff | SE | 95% CI | Standardized total effect | t (df = 219) | p |
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| Total effect | 0.49 | 0.09 | 0.31, 0.76 | .35 | 5.44 | <.0001 |
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| Unstandardized Coeff | SE | 95% CI | Standardized β | SE | 95% CI | |
|
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| Total indirect effect | 0.19 | 0.05 | 0.12, 0.29 | .14 | 0.03 | 0.08, 0.20 |
| Through RUM | 0.19 | 0.05 | 0.11, 0.29 | .13 | 0.03 | 0.08, 0.20 |
| Through VIG | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.01, 0.03 | .01 | 0.01 | −0.01, 0.02 |
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| Model 3: Criminality | Unstandardized Coeff | SE | 95% CI | Standardized total effect | t (df = 219) | p |
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| Total effect | 0.33 | 0.07 | 0.19, 0.46 | .31 | 4.76 | <.0001 |
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| Unstandardized Coeff | SE | 95% CI | Standardized β | SE | 95% CI | |
|
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| Total indirect effect | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.05, 0.18 | .10 | 0.03 | 0.05, 0.17 |
| Through RUM | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.05, 0.19 | .11 | 0.03 | 0.05, 0.17 |
| Through VIG | −0.00 | 0.02 | −0.03, 0.03 | −.00 | 0.02 | −0.03 0.03 |
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| Model 4: Sexualization | Unstandardized Coeff | SE | 95% CI | Standardized total effect | t (df = 219) | p |
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| Total effect | 0.35 | 0.09 | 0.18, 0.52 | .25 | 3.87 | .0001 |
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| Unstandardized Coeff | SE | 95% CI | Standardized β | SE | 95% CI | |
|
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| Total indirect effect | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0.07, 0.24 | .10 | 0.03 | 0.05, 0.17 |
| Through RUM | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0.06, 0.24 | .10 | 0.03 | 0.05, 0.17 |
| Through VIG | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.02, 0.04 | .00 | 0.01 | −0.01, 0.03 |
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| Model 5: Low-Achieving/Undesirable | Unstandardized Coeff | SE | 95% CI | Standardized total effect | t (df = 219) | p |
|
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| Total effect | 0.14 | 0.04 | 0.07, 0.21 | .25 | 3.87 | .0001 |
|
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| Unstandardized Coeff | SE | 95% CI | Standardized β | SE | 95% CI | |
|
|
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| Total indirect effect | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.02, 0.09 | .10 | 0.03 | 0.03, 0.17 |
| Through RUM | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.02, 0.09 | .10 | 0.03 | 0.05, 0.16 |
| Through VIG | −0.00 | 0.01 | −0.02, 0.03 | −.00 | 0.02 | −0.04, 0.05 |
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| Model 6: Invisibility | Unstandardized Coeff | SE | 95% CI | Standardized total effect | t (df = 219) | p |
|
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| Total effect | 0.20 | .04 | 0.12, 0.27 | .33 | 5.06 | <.0001 |
|
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| Unstandardized Coeff | SE | 95% CI | Standardized β | SE | 95% CI | |
|
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| Total indirect effect | 0.09 | .02 | 0.05, 0.14 | .15 | 0.04 | 0.08, 0.22 |
| Through RUM | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.05, 0.14 | .15 | 0.04 | 0.08, 0.23 |
| Through VIG | −0.00 | 0.01 | −0.02, 0.03 | −.00 | 0.02 | −0.04, −.04 |
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| Model 7: Environmental Invalidations | Unstandardized Coeff | SE | 95% CI | Standardized total effect | t (df = 219) | p |
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| Total effect | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.01, 0.25 | .14 | 2.14 | .03 |
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| Unstandardized Coeff | SE | 95% CI | Standardized β | SE | 95% CI | |
|
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| Total indirect effect | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.03, 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.03, 0.15 |
| Through RUM | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.03, 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.03, 0.15 |
| Through VIG | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.01, 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.01 0.02 |
Note. Indirect effects are calculated based on bootstrapped samples of 5000. Parameters in bold font are significant with the Hochberg’s False Discovery Rate correction applied. RUM = rumination; VIG = racism-related vigilance.