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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Health Psychol. 2024 Jan 11;43(5):339–351. doi: 10.1037/hea0001355

Table 3.

RAYS-trained coach sun protection behaviors, knowledge and attitudes pre-to-post-intervention

Measure M (SD) Baseline M (SD) Post-Intervention t-test df p-value
Coaches’ sun protection
 Sunscreen 3.4 (1.5) 4.3 (1.1) −3.29 6 .017
 Protective clothing 3.6 (1.3) 3.9 (1.1) −1.55 6 .172
Coach facilitation of players’ sun protection
 Encourage sunscreen use 2.4 (1.6) 4.1 (1.2) −3.29 6 .030
 Sunscreen provided by coach 1.7 (1.5) 4.1 (1.1) −4.60 6 .004
 Dedicated time for sunscreen application 3.1 (1.8) 4.9 (0.4) −2.83 6 .030
 Breaks in shade during practice 4.1 (1.1) 4.7 (0.5) −1.19 6 .280
 RAYS-provided sun protection supplies available .00 (.00) 0.4 (0.5) −2.95 6 .009
Coach knowledge 0.8 (0.2) 1.0 (.00) −3.87 6 .008
Self-efficacy for sun protection .09 (0.1) 1.0 (.00) −1.00 6 .356
Coach attitudes about sun protection 4.3 (0.7) 4.7 (0.5) −1.62 6 .156
 I think my players will benefit from a sun safety program 4.6 (0.5) 4.7 (0.5) −.55 6 .604
 Our youth sport organization believes improving youth sun safety behaviors is important 4.1 (0.9) 4.6 (0.8) −1.44 6 .100
 I have a sense of personal responsibility for improving my players’ sun safety behaviors 4.3 (0.8) 4.7 (0.5) −2.12 6 .078