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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Sleep Health. 2023 Dec 11;10(1 Suppl):S41–S51. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.10.005

Figure 4. Biological pathway enrichment analysis for endogenous circadian proteins with respect to peak times.

Figure 4.

Pathway analysis was carried out on circadian proteins peaking within ±1 hour with GO_Biological_Process_2021, Reactome_2022, KEGG_2021_Human database using the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) computational method.35,36 The combined score was normalized along the time axis to visualize when the pathway is the most active (see also Supplementary Tables 2 and 3). The solid black line illustrates the number of endogenous circadian proteins peaking at each time (right axis) used to conduct the pathway analysis. The vertical dashed lines delineate the two times of day when most circadian protein peaks occurred. Relative clock hour is presented along the top x-axis, while time relative to Dim Light Melatonin Onset (DLMO) is presented along the bottom x-axis.