Figure 13. Integration of OCT into the FRESH bioprinting platform.

(A) 3D bioprinter with dual extruders and an OCT scan head, a benchmark model with internal channels of varying widths and schematics showing the OCT imaging of a FRESH-bioprinted structure within the gelatin microparticle support bath. (B) Time-lapse images of bioprinting of gelatin microparticle support bath followed by sequential process of bioprinting of the support bath, a collagen structure within the support bath, and OCT imaging. (C) OCT imaging of bioprinted structure within clear gelatin microparticle support bath after completion of bioprinting process and in-process OCT imaging and the composite OCT image obtained through in-process OCT imaging, followed by bioprinting errors such as air bubble and channel occlusion detected by in-process OCT imaging and 3D reconstruction of composite OCT images of a benchmark model. Scale bars, 2 mm. Reproduced with permission from IOP Publishing [363].