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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Sleep Health. 2023 Nov 23;10(1 Suppl):S96–S102. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.10.010

Figure 2. Impact of extended wakefulness and circadian misalignment on glucose profiles as derived from the forced desynchrony protocol.

Figure 2.

Glucose was averaged across the fourteen 42.85h forced desynchrony days and profiles are expressed as a function of hours into the 42.85h forced day (A) and 15° circadian phase bins (B). Glucose levels as a function of circadian phase (C) were further divided into values during scheduled wakefulness (red line) and sleep (black line). Blue box represents an approximation of the biological night when endogenous melatonin levels would be high. Stars representing differences in glucose levels for the circadian glucose rhythm between scheduled wakefulness and sleep (p <0.05) are placed once between 180 to 180 degrees as the glucose data are double plotted. Data represent mean values (±SEM).