Table 4.
Effects of Hospital-Associated Respiratory Virus Infection (HARVI) on Time to Discharge and In-Hospital Deatha
| Variable | Discharge | Death | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Admissions No. (days w/o HARVI) | HARVI No. (days after HARVI) | Unadjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | Adjusteda Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | Deaths w/o HARVI | Deaths after HARVI | Unadjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI)b | |
| Adult | ||||||||
| Any HARVI | 111,515 (776,530) | 236 (4,101) | 0.68 (0.61–0.76) | 0.70 (0.62–0.79) | 2,738 | 28 | 1.52 (1.04–2.24) | 1.55 (1.04–2.29) |
| Adenovirus | 111,436 (779,502) | 5 (173) | 0.63 (0.25–1.59) | 0.85 (0.33–2.18) | 2,765 | 0 | … | … |
| ccCoV | 111,515 (780,132) | 29 (471) | 0.67 (0.53–0.85) | 0.68 (0.52–0.89) | 2,768 | 3 | 1.26 (0.41–3.88) | 1.26 (0.42–3.80) |
| hMPV | 111,192 (777,287) | 21 (404) | 0.77 (0.50–1.19) | 0.97 (0.63–1.48) | 2,756 | 4 | 2.38 (0.90–6.27) | 1.95 (0.67–5.66) |
| Influenza A | 110,905 (774,988) | 50 (854) | 0.64 (0.52–0.80) | 0.71 (0.57–0.88) | 2,738 | 10 | 2.84 (1.47–5.49) | 2.35 (1.12–4.92) |
| Influenza B | 111,384 (779,407) | 9 (130) | 0.82 (0.60–1.12) | 0.71 (0.52–0.97) | 2,765 | 0 | ||
| PIV | 111,515 (780,127) | 26 (481) | 0.72 (0.48–1.07) | 0.66 (0.41–1.07) | 2,769 | 2 | 0.89 (0.22–3.55) | 1.29 (0.33–5.00) |
| RSV | 111,112 (776,480) | 24 (588) | 0.72 (0.54–0.97) | 0.83 (0.64–1.08) | 2,735 | 1 | 0.43 (0.06–3.07) | 0.37 (0.05–2.90) |
| hRV/EV | 109,917 (765,093) | 84 (1,393) | 0.69 (0.55–0.85) | 0.68 (0.55–0.83) | 2,693 | 8 | 1.20 (0.58–2.48) | 1.41 (0.70–2.83) |
| Pediatric | ||||||||
| Any HARVI | 33,196 (221,496) | 194 (6,748) | 0.81 (0.71–0.92) | 1.02 (0.88–1.18) | 247 | 5 | 0.59 (0.22–1.58) | 0.52 (0.20–1.36) |
| Adenovirus | 32,925 (224,764) | 19 (739) | 0.77 (0.57–1.03) | 1.22 (0.86–1.74) | 253 | 1 | 1.06 (0.14–8.16) | 0.88 (0.11–6.91) |
| ccCoV | 33,196 (227,583) | 29 (658) | 0.90 (0.65–1.25) | 1.14 (0.81–1.62) | 256 | 1 | 1.15 (0.15–8.52) | 1.17 (0.16–8.52) |
| hMPV | 32,992 (226,172) | 8 (268) | 0.95 (0.64–1.39) | 1.46 (0.97–2.20) | 257 | 0 | … | … |
| Influenza A | 33,019 (226,565) | 9 (320) | 0.92 (0.59–1.43) | 0.70 (0.45–1.11) | 256 | 0 | … | … |
| Influenza B | 33,122 (227,043) | 6 (260) | 0.74 (0.48–1.13) | 0.61 (0.28–1.32) | 256 | 0 | … | … |
| PIV | 33,196 (227,573) | 24 (668) | 0.84 (0.59–1.19) | 1.08 (0.73–1.59) | 256 | 0 | … | … |
| RSV | 32,553 (222,803) | 16 (462) | 0.87 (0.62–1.22) | 0.76 (0.43–1.36) | 255 | 1 | 1.45 (0.19–10.79) | 1.53 (0.22–10.75) |
| hRV/EV | 31,347 (206,305) | 108 (4,241) | 0.82 (0.68–0.98) | 1.09 (0.90–1.31) | 237 | 2 | 0.37 (0.08–1.68) | 0.30 (0.07–1.38) |
Note. ccCoV, common-cold coronavirus; hMPV, human metapneumovirus; hRV/EV, human rhinovirus/enterovirus; IQR, interquartile range; PIV, parainfluenza; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
a
Competing risks of discharge and death were modeled in Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying HARVI status.
b
Adjusted models included the following covariates: Age (years), sex, non-Hispanic Black race/ethnicity, CCI score (adults), CCC score (children), meeting ≥2 SIRS criteria (adults), and peak season admission (December, January, February, or March).