. 2024 Apr 16;5(4):101478. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101478

Table 1.

Human gut microbes enriched in responders to immunotherapy

Cancer type	Microbes enriched in responders	Immunotherapy	Sequencing methods	Sample size	Location	Reference
Breast	Lachnospiraceae, Turicibacteraceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Prevotellaceae	trastuzumab	16S rRNA (V3-V4)	24	Italy	Di Modica et al.⁵¹
GI	Prevotella/Bacteroides ratio, Prevotellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae; Eubacterium, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus	anti-PD-1/PD-L1	16S rRNA (V3-V4) and metagenomics	74	China	Peng et al.⁵⁰
HCC	Akkermansia muciniphila, Ruminococcaceae spp.	camrelizumab	metagenomic	8	China	Zheng et al.³¹^,³²^,³³^,³⁴^,³⁵^,³⁶^,³⁷^,³⁸^,³⁹^,⁴⁰
HCC	Akkermansia, Citrobacter freundii, Azospirillum sp., Enterococcus durans	nivolumab	16S rDNA (V3–V4)	8	South Korea	Chung et al.³¹^,³²^,³³^,³⁴^,³⁵^,³⁶^,³⁷^,³⁸^,³⁹^,⁴⁰
HCC	Akkermansia	tremelimumab and/or durvalumab	16S rDNA (V3–V4)	11	Italy	Poziani et al.³¹^,³²^,³³^,³⁴^,³⁵^,³⁶^,³⁷^,³⁸^,³⁹^,⁴⁰
HCC	Lachnoclostridium, Lachnospiraceae, Veillonella	nivolumab/pembrolizumab	16S rRNA (V3-V4)	74	Taiwan	Lee et al.⁵²
HCC	Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Lachnospiracea incertae Sedis, Megamonas, Ruminococcus, Coprococcus, Dorea, Haemophilus	anti-PD-1	16S rRNA (V3-V4)	35	China	Wu et al.³⁶^,⁴¹^,⁴²^,⁴³^,⁴⁴^,⁴⁵^,⁴⁶
Hepatobiliary	Lachnospiraceae bacterium GAM79, Alistipes sp. Marseille-P5997, Ruminococcus calidus, Erysipelotichaceae bacterium GAM147	anti-PD-1	metagenomic	65	China	Mao et al.⁵³
Melanoma	Faecalibacterium, Firmicutes	ipilimumab	16S rRNA (V3-V4)	26	France	Chaput et al.³⁶^,⁴¹^,⁴²^,⁴³^,⁴⁴^,⁴⁵^,⁴⁶
Melanoma	Bacteroides caccae	ipilimumab, nivolumab, ipilimumab plus nivolumab, or pembrolizumab	metagenomic	39	USA	Frankel et al.³⁶^,⁴¹^,⁴²^,⁴³^,⁴⁴^,⁴⁵^,⁴⁶
Melanoma	Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Holdemania filiformis	ipilimumab plus nivolumab	metagenomic	24	USA	Frankel et al.³⁶^,⁴¹^,⁴²^,⁴³^,⁴⁴^,⁴⁵^,⁴⁶
Melanoma	Dorea formicogenerans	pembrolizumab	metagenomic	13	USA	Frankel et al.³⁶^,⁴¹^,⁴²^,⁴³^,⁴⁴^,⁴⁵^,⁴⁶
Melanoma	Clostridiales, Ruminococcaceae, Faecalibacterium	anti-PD-1	16S rRNA	43	USA	Gopalakrishnan et al.³⁶^,⁴¹^,⁴²^,⁴³^,⁴⁴^,⁴⁵^,⁴⁶
Melanoma	Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecium	anti-PD-1/CTLA-4	16S rRNA (V4) and metagenomics	42	USA	Matson et al.⁴⁹
Melanoma	Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Coprococcus eutactus, Prevotella stercorea, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus anginosus, Lachnospiraceae bacterium 3 1 46FAA	ICIs	16S rRNA (V4) and metagenomics	27	USA	Peters et al.³⁶^,⁴¹^,⁴²^,⁴³^,⁴⁴^,⁴⁵^,⁴⁶
Melanoma	Bacteroides stercoris, Parabacteroides distasonis Fournierella massiliensis	anti-PD-1/CTLA-4	16S rRNA (V4) and metagenomics	77	USA	Andrews et al.⁴⁸
NSCLC	Lactobacillus, Clostridium	ICIs	16S rDNA (V1–V2)	17	Japan	Katayama et al.⁵⁴
NSCLC	Alistipes putredinis, Bifidobacterium longum, Prevotella copri	nivolumab	16S rDNA (V3–V4)	37	China	Jin et al.⁵⁵
NSCLC	Ruminococcaceae UCG 13, Agathobacter	anti-PD-1/PD-L1	16S rRNA (V3-V4)	70	Japan	Hakozaki et al.⁵⁶
NSCLC	Ruminococcus, Akkermansia spp.	nivolumab+ipilimumab	16S rRNA	44	USA	Cascone et al.³¹^,³²^,³³^,³⁴^,³⁵^,³⁶^,³⁷^,³⁸^,³⁹^,⁴⁰
NSCLC	Desulfovibrio, Bifidobacterium, Anaerostipes, Faecalibacterium, Alistipes	anti-PD-1/PD-L1	16S rRNA (V3-V4)	75	China	Zhang et al.³⁶^,⁴¹^,⁴²^,⁴³^,⁴⁴^,⁴⁵^,⁴⁶
NSCLC	Phascolarctobacterium	ICIs	16S rRNA (V3-V4)	69	Spain	Zhang et al.⁵⁷
NSCLC	Akkermansia muciniphila	pembrolizumab/nivolumab/atezolizumab	metagenomic	338	France and Canada	Derosa et al.³¹^,³²^,³³^,³⁴^,³⁵^,³⁶^,³⁷^,³⁸^,³⁹^,⁴⁰
NSCLC	Ruminococcus, Akkermansia, Faecalibacterium	ICIs	16S rRNA (V1-V3)	65	USA	Newsome et al.³¹^,³²^,³³^,³⁴^,³⁵^,³⁶^,³⁷^,³⁸^,³⁹^,⁴⁰
NSCLC	Akkermansiaceae	anti-PD-1/PD-L1	16S rRNA (V3-V4)	47	Poland	Grenda et al.³¹^,³²^,³³^,³⁴^,³⁵^,³⁶^,³⁷^,³⁸^,³⁹^,⁴⁰
Prostate Cancer	Streptococcus	pembrolizumab	16S rRNA and qPCR	23	USA	Peiffer et al.⁵⁸
RCC	Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides salyersiae	nivolumab	metagenomic	58	France	Derosa et al.³¹^,³²^,³³^,³⁴^,³⁵^,³⁶^,³⁷^,³⁸^,³⁹^,⁴⁰
RCC	Akkermansia muciniphila	nivolumab/pembrolizumab+ipilimumab	metagenomic	31	USA	Salgia et al.³¹^,³²^,³³^,³⁴^,³⁵^,³⁶^,³⁷^,³⁸^,³⁹^,⁴⁰
Thoracic carcinoma	Akkermansiaceae, Enterococcaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Carnobacteriaceae, Clostridiales Family XI	anti-PD-1	16S rRNA (V4)	42	China	Yin et al.³¹^,³²^,³³^,³⁴^,³⁵^,³⁶^,³⁷^,³⁸^,³⁹^,⁴⁰
Pan-cancer	Trichophyton benhamiae, Cryptococcus amylolentus, Suillus clintonianus, Pseudogymnoascus sp. 05NY08, Schizosaccharomyces octosporus, Podospora anserina, Verticillium longisporum	ICIs	metagenomic	862	China	Huang et al.⁵⁹
Hematologic malignancies	Ruminococcus, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium	anti-CD19 CAR-T	16S rRNA	228	USA	Smith et al.⁶⁰
MM, ALL, NHL	Bifidobacterium, Prevotella, Sutterella, Collinsella	CAR-T	16S rRNA (V4)	78	China	Hu et al.⁶¹
B cell lymphoma	Bacteroides,, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, Akkermansia	anti-CD19 CAR-T	metagenomic	172	Germany, USA	Stein-Thoeringer et al.⁶²

GI, gastrointestinal; MM, multiple myeloma; ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma.