Table 1.
Characteristics of participant risk factors for the diseases studied
| Cases | Non-cases | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CAD | n = 333 | n = 4,760 | |
| Male, n (%) | 225 (67.57) | 2,015 (42.33) | 3.62 × 10−19 |
| Baseline age (years) | 56.81 ± 9.74 | 47.55 ± 12.40 | 4.58 × 10−39 |
| BMI (kg m−2) | 27.91 ± 3.96 | 26.46 ± 4.24 | 4.27 × 10−11 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 144.90 ± 20.07 | 134.10 ± 19.36 | 3.36 × 10−23 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol l−1) | 6.02 ± 1.09 | 5.58 ± 1.05 | 9.57 × 10−13 |
| HDL (mmol l−1) | 1.37 ± 0.39 | 1.53 ± 0.41 | 1.84 × 10−14 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 106 (31.83) | 1,165 (24.47) | 3.87 × 10−3 |
| Exercise, n (%) | 52 (15.62) | 1,182 (24.83) | 9.03 × 10−5 |
| Prevalent diabetes, n (%) | 26 (7.81) | 137 (2.88) | 1.56 × 10−5 |
| Family history, n (%) | 130 (39.04) | 1,142 (23.99) | 4.25 × 10−9 |
| T2D | n = 579 | n = 4,718 | |
| Male, n (%) | 306 (52.85) | 2,114 (44.81) | 2.84 × 10−4 |
| Baseline age (years) | 53.26 ± 10.57 | 48.37 ± 12.89 | 1.14 × 10−18 |
| BMI (kg m−2) | 29.98 ± 4.18 | 26.13 ± 3.99 | 1.27 × 10−88 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 142.67 ± 20.81 | 134.50 ± 19.65 | 4.67 × 10−21 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol l−1) | 5.84 ± 1.20 | 5.58 ± 1.04 | 2.43 × 10−6 |
| HDL (mmol l−1) | 1.35 ± 0.35 | 1.54 ± 0.41 | 9.72 × 10−32 |
| Triglyceride (mmol l−1) | 1.91 ± 1.29 | 1.32 ± 0.83 | 8.41 × 10−6 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 160 (27.63) | 1,155 (24.48) | 0.103 |
| Exercise, n (%) | 82 (14.16) | 1,168 (24.76) | 3.80 × 10−9 |
| Family history, n (%) | 251 (43.35) | 1,159 (24.57) | 2.57 × 10−20 |
| AD | n = 273 | n = 5,074 | |
| Male, n (%) | 128 (46.89) | 2,349 (46.29) | 0.852 |
| Baseline age (years) | 64.29 ± 6.52 | 48.21 ± 12.46 | 1.07 × 10−93 |
| BMI (kg m−2) | 28.08 ± 4.05 | 26.59 ± 4.24 | 1.38 × 10−9 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 144.82 ± 20.59 | 135.01 ± 19.90 | 5.60 × 10−16 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 79.63 ± 10.08 | 79.14 ± 11.17 | 0.489 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol l−1) | 5.84 ± 1.12 | 5.57 ± 1.05 | 1.07 × 10−4 |
| HDL (mmol l−1) | 1.50 ± 0.45 | 1.51 ± 0.41 | 0.304 |
| Alcohol consumption (g per week) | 62.63 ± 138.15 | 82.76 ± 123.58 | 1.77 × 10−8 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 46 (16.85) | 1,279 (25.21) | 1.50 × 10−3 |
| Exercise, n (%) | 44 (16.12) | 1,219 (24.02) | 2.62 × 10−3 |
| Prevalent T2D, n (%) | 18 (6.59) | 128 (2.52) | 4.03 × 10−4 |
| Prevalent stroke, n (%) | 13 (4.76) | 100 (1.97) | 7.20 × 10−3 |
| Prevalent psychiatric disorders, n (%) | 12 (4.40) | 121 (2.38) | 0.045 |
| Prostate cancer | n = 141 | n = 2,323 | |
| Baseline age (years) | 59.79 ± 7.66 | 49.39 ± 12.62 | 1.79 × 10−22 |
| BMI (kg m−2) | 27.45 ± 3.03 | 27.07 ± 3.81 | 0.086 |
| Alcohol consumption (g per week) | 113.70 ± 147.06 | 123.40 ± 152.37 | 0.819 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 23 (16.31) | 716 (30.82) | 1.97 × 10−4 |
| Exercise, n (%) | 34 (24.11) | 607 (26.13) | 0.693 |
| Family history, n (%) | 62 (43.97) | 794 (34.18) | 0.022 |
Numerical variables are shown as mean ± s.d. Categorical variables are shown as the number of individuals and percentage of their respective disease status group. P values of two-sided Mann–Whitney U-test and Fisher’s exact test are reported for numerical and categorical variables, respectively.