. 2024 Apr 20;22:194. doi: 10.1186/s12951-024-02475-8

Table 2.

The performance of aligned or random fibers in the peripheral nerve regeneration

Conduit	Method	Fiber	Outcomes	Ref
PCL/CNTs	Model: In vivo Damage length: 10 mm Period: 3 months	Random	SFI: − 69.48; CMAP: 4.27 mV; myelin sheath: 0.21 µm; low expression of NF200, MBP, Tuj-1 genes; weight percentage: 36%	[53]
PCL/CNTs	Model: In vivo Damage length: 10 mm Period: 3 months	Aligned	SFI: − 56.89; CMAP: 3.48 mV; myelin sheath: 0.68 µm; high expression of NF200, MBP, Tuj-1 genes; weight percentage: 46%	[53]
Fibrin nanofibers	Model: In vivo Damage length: 10 mm Period: 12 weeks	Random	SFI: − 60.14; CMAP: 5.01 mV; myelin sheath: 50.2 µm; diameter of myelinated fibers: 309 µm; percentage of muscle fiber area: 20.5%	[54]
Fibrin nanofibers	Model: In vivo Damage length: 10 mm Period: 12 weeks	Aligned	SFI: -43.19; CMAP: 6.68 mV; myelin sheath: 65.8 µm; diameter of myelinated fibers: 357 µm; percentage of muscle fiber area: 62.2%	[54]
PCL-chitosan–gelatin	Model: In vivo Damage length: 15 mm Period: 12 weeks	Random	SFI: -59.23; CMAP: 10.76 mV; NCV: 36.2 m/s; myelin sheath: 0.68 µm; axon diameter: 2.25 µm; muscle weight ratio: 0.55	[55]
PCL-chitosan–gelatin	Model: In vivo Damage length: 15 mm Period: 12 weeks	Aligned	SFI: -52.31; CMAP: 13.66 mV; NCV: 46.0 m/s; myelin sheath: 1.3 µm; axon diameter: 3.17 µm; muscle weight ratio: 0.62	[55]
PLLA	Model: In vivo Damage length: 5 mm Period: 8 weeks	Random	SFI: -71.1; count of axon: 76; myelin sheath: 0.51 µm; myelinated fibers diameter: 2.8 µm;	[56]
PLLA	Model: In vivo Damage length: 5 mm Period: 8 weeks	Aligned	SFI: -59.9; count of axon: 102; myelin sheath: 0.62 µm; myelinated fibers diameter: 3.1 µm;	[56]
GO-PCL	Model: In vitro Culture: 2D Period: 3 day	Random	Proliferation: 2.3 OD value; NGF expression: 1.7 pg/mL; poor spread: 102.6 µm;	[8]
GO-PCL	Model: In vitro Culture: 2D Period: 3 day	Aligned	Proliferation: 2.6 OD value; NGF expression: 2.1 pg/mL; poor spread: 301.9 µm;	[8]
Silk nanofiber	Model: In vivo/In vitro Damage length: 10 mm Period: 12 weeks	Random	SFI: -74.31; NCV: 12.5 m/s; percentage of S-100 positive area: 11%; myelin sheath: 0.56 µm; diameter of myelinated axon: 2.7 µm; muscle wet weight ratio: 46.5%;	[57]
Silk nanofiber		Aligned	SFI: -66.3; NCV: 29.1 m/s; percentage of S-100 positive area: 29%; myelin sheath: 0.73 µm; diameter of myelinated axon: 3.3 µm; muscle wet weight ratio: 52.1%;	[57]

CMAP Compound muscle action potential, CNT Carbon nanotube, GO Graphene oxide, NCV Nerve conduction velocity, PCL Polycaprolactone, PLLA Poly(L-lactide), SFI Sciatic functional index