Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients With AMICS, CS Without AMI, and Mixed Shock
| AMICS, % (n) | CS Without AMI, % (n) |
Mixed, % (n) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N=136 | N=314 | N=132 | ||
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, median (IQR), y | 68 (59–76) | 63 (53–73) | 65 (54–75) | 0.008 |
| Female sex | 33.1 (45) | 37.6 (118) | 37.1 (49) | 0.65 |
| White race | 76.5 (91) | 65.6 (181) | 66.7 (74) | 0.093 |
| Weight, median (IQR), kg | 83 (70–95) | 82 (69–97) | 82 (68–98) | 0.96 |
| BMI, median (IQR), kg/m2 | 28 (25–32) | 28 (24–32) | 28 (24–34) | 0.64 |
| Cardiovascular comorbidities | ||||
| Current smoker | 23.7 (32) | 13.8 (43) | 11.5 (15) | 0.002 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 50.0 (68) | 35.7 (112) | 44.7 (59) | 0.011 |
| Hypertension | 72.1 (98) | 53.5 (168) | 60.6 (80) | 0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 48.5 (66) | 40.1 (126) | 47.0 (62) | 0.18 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 10.3 (14) | 8.3 (26) | 7.6 (10) | 0.70 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 13.2 (18) | 8.9 (28) | 11.4 (15) | 0.36 |
| Prior heart failure | 26.5 (36) | 62.1 (195) | 54.5 (72) | <0.001 |
| Historical LVEF* | ||||
| ≥50% | 8.3 (3) | 11.6 (22) | 19.7 (13) | 0.044 |
| 40–<50% | 13.9 (5) | 5.8 (11) | 4.5 (3) | |
| 30–<40% | 16.7 (6) | 10.0 (19) | 15.2 (10) | |
| 20–<30% | 38.9 (14) | 27.9 (53) | 31.8 (21) | |
| <20% | 22.2 (8) | 44.7 (85) | 28.8 (19) | |
| Prior heart transplant | 0.0 (0) | 1.3 (4) | 3.8 (5) | 0.036 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 10.3 (14) | 29.0 (91) | 27.3 (36) | <0.001 |
| Ventricular arrhythmia | 3.7 (5) | 12.1 (38) | 8.3 (11) | 0.017 |
| Severe valvular disease | 2.2 (3) | 15.6 (49) | 26.5 (35) | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 0.7 (1) | 9.9 (31) | 3.8 (5) | <0.001 |
| Congenital heart disease | 0.7 (1) | 1.6 (5) | 3.0 (4) | 0.34 |
| Noncardiovascular comorbidities | ||||
| Chronic kidney disease | 24.3 (33) | 35.4 (111) | 35.6 (47) | 0.053 |
| On dialysis† | 12.1 (4) | 15.3 (17) | 42.6 (20) | <0.001 |
| Significant pulmonary disease | 11.0 (15) | 18.8 (59) | 13.6 (18) | 0.086 |
| Significant liver disease | 2.9 (4) | 4.8 (15) | 6.8 (9) | 0.33 |
Categorical variables are shown as percentages with counts in parentheses. Continuous variables are shown as medians with interquartile ranges (IQRs). Differences between patients in each group were evaluated using Pearson χ2 test for categorical variables and Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables. *Among patients with prior heart failure. †Among patients with chronic kidney disease. AMI indicates acute myocardial infarction; AMICS, acute myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock; BMI, body mass index; CS, cardiogenic shock; and LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.