. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Apr 20.

Published in final edited form as: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 Sep 25;72(13):1532–1553. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.06.074

TABLE 2.

Beneficial Effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation in Patients With Right and Left Ventricular Dysfunction

	Mechanism	Effect
Direct effects from PEEP	• Decreases LV afterload • Decreases LV diameter, leading to decreased MR • Increases transmural pressure • Increases P_alv at the end of expiration	• LV unloading • Improved cardiac output • Improved cardiac output • Improved compliance (i.e., prevention of alveolar collapse)
Effects from or on gas exchange	• Reverses hypoxic vasoconstriction • Decreases in preload • Improves ventilation/perfusion matching	• Lower RV afterload • Improved pulmonary congestion • Improved oxygenation
Effects from ventilatory support	• Improves work of breathing • Improves hypercarbia and acidosis	• Improved tissue perfusion • Decreased myocardial consumption of oxygen • Improved RV afterload
Systemic effect	• Optimizes gas exchange, hence oxygenation and tissue perfusion	• Improved metabolic demand and peripheral perfusion

FIO2 = fraction of inspired of oxygen; MR = mitral regurgitation; P_alv = alveolar pressure; other abbreviations as in Table 1.