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. 2024 Feb 14;54(3):278–289. doi: 10.1007/s10519-023-10174-7

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Histograms of IQ scores, by age. The x-axes display IQ score in bins of 10 points from 40 to 160, the y-axes display their frequency. Numbers on the bars indicate the proportions of participants included in the analyses. The total sample refers to all participants with IQ data at a particular age. The bivariate sample refers to children whose data were included in the bivariate analyses of IQ and psychopathology. We selected IQ data obtained at age 7 years, or as close as possible to age 7