TABLE 1.
Patient characteristics at baseline before surgery and information on anesthesia and surgery for the entire sample and by subgroup for those who developed postoperative delirium (POD) and for those who did not develop POD.
| All N = 325 | No POD N = 272 | POD N = 53 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age [years] – mean (SD) | 72.3 (4.9) | 72.0 (5.0) | 73.8 (4.3) |
| Female sex | 136 (41.8%) | 110 (40.4%) | 26 (49.1%) |
| Body mass index (BMI) – median (IQR) |
26.5 (4.9) N = 324 |
26.5 (4.9) N = 271 |
26.7 (5.1) |
| Diabetes | 71 (22%) | 57 (21.0%) | 14 (26.4%) |
| Hypertension | 215 (66.2%) | 179 (65.8%) | 36 (67.9%) |
| History of stroke | 25 (7.7%) | 18 (6.6%) | 7 (13.2%) |
| Malignancy | 113 (34.8%) | 89 (32.7%) | 24 (45.3%) |
| Preoperative anemia | 91 (28%) | 74 (27.2%) | 17 (32.1%) |
| Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) – median (IQR) | 29 (2) | 29 (2) | 28 (3) |
| Preoperative cognitive impairment | 33 (10.2%) | 24 (8.8%) | 9 (17.0%) |
| Benzodiazepine premedication | 41 (12.9%) | 33 (12.1%) | 8 (15.1%) |
| Duration of anesthesia [min] – mean (SD) |
201.5 (140.2) N = 323 |
177.4 (107.4) N = 270 |
324.4 (208.8) |
| Type of anesthesia | |||
| General | 252 (77.5%) | 218 (80.1%) | 34 (64.2%) |
| Regional | 18 (5.5%) | 16 (5.9%) | 2 (3.8%) |
| Combined | 55 (16.9%) | 38 (14.0%) | 17 (32.1%) |
| Type of surgery | |||
| Musculoskeletal | 100 (30.8%) | 85 (31.1%) | 15 (28.8%) |
| Gastrointestinal | 51 (15.7%) | 38 (13.9%) | 13 (25.0%) |
| Cardiovascular or thoracic | 25 (7.7%) | 19 (7.0%) | 6 (11.5%) |
| Genitourinary | 62 (19.1%) | 50 (18.3%) | 12 (23.1%) |
| Otorhinolaryngology | 25 (7.7%) | 24 (8.8%) | 1 (1.9%) |
| Oral and maxillofacial | 16 (4.9%) | 15 (5.5%) | 1 (1.9%) |
| Ophthalmology | 21 (6.5%) | 20 (7.3%) | 1 (1.9%) |
| Neurosurgery | 7 (2.2%) | 7 (2.6%) | 0 (0%) |
| Other | 18 (5.5%) | 15 (5.5%) | 3 (5.8%) |
| ASA score | |||
| ASA I | 10 (3.1%) | 9 (3.3%) | 1 (1.9%) |
| ASA II | 214 (65.8%) | 184 (67.6%) | 30 (56.6%) |
| ASA III | 101 (31.1%) | 79 (29.0%) | 22 (41.5%) |
| Length of stay [days] – median (IQR) | 6 (6) | 4.5 (5) | 12 (17) |
| Inhouse mortality | 3 (0.9%) | 2 (0.7%) | 1 (1.9%) |
Note: The table displays the characteristics of all patients, patients without and with delirium. For continuous variables the table states mean and standard deviation (SD) in parentheses or median and interquartile range (IQR) in parentheses. For categorical variables percentages refer to the proportion of the corresponding group (all; No Delirium; Delirium). The total N of patients with available data was added to items with cases of missing data. (ASA score ≙ American Society of Anesthesiologists’ Physical Status Classification; IQR ≙Interquartile Range ≙ 25th to 75th percentile).