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. 2024 Apr 21;22:196. doi: 10.1186/s12951-024-02452-1

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Schematic illustration of engineered exosomes targeting CAFs mediated desmoplastic microenvironments to exert theranostic potential on desmoplastic tumors models. After injection, antigen and theranostic agents-loaded exosomes can target CAFs mediated desmoplastic microenvironments to exert theranostic potential via stimulating the activation of CD8+T cell, removing ECM, inactivating CAFs, inhibiting the signal transduction of CAF-tumor cells and CAF-immune cells crosstalk, and imaging in vivo